The minuet is in the home key of G major and the trio section is in D major. The third movement, marked Allegretto, is a minuet and trio (A–B–A). The middle appearance of A is truncated, consisting of only the first half of the theme. The keys of the sections are C major for A and B, C minor for C. It is in rondo form, taking the shape A–B–A–C–A plus a final Coda. The second movement, in C major, is a "Romanze", with the tempo marked Andante. The movement ends in its tonic key, G major. During the recapitulation, it is in G major with the primary themes from the exposition playing. The development section begins on D major and touches on D minor and C major before the work returns to G major for the recapitulation – a repetition of the exposition with both subjects in the same key, as is conventional. The exposition closes in D major and is repeated. The second theme is more graceful and in D major, the dominant key of G major. This first movement is in sonata-allegro form, which aggressively ascends in a Mannheim rocket theme. Of the music, Hildesheimer writes, "even if we hear it on every street corner, its high quality is undisputed, an occasional piece from a light but happy pen." Movements Today the serenade is widely performed and recorded indeed both Jacobson and Klein (2003, 38) and Hildesheimer (1992, 215) opine that the serenade is the most popular of all Mozart's works. It had been sold to this publisher in 1799 by Mozart's widow Constanze, part of a large bundle of her husband's compositions. The work was not published until about 1827, long after Mozart's death, by Johann André in Offenbach am Main. The traditionally used name of the work comes from the entry Mozart made for it in his personal catalog, which begins, "Eine kleine Nacht-Musik." As Zaslaw and Cowdery point out, Mozart almost certainly was not giving the piece a special title, but only entering in his records that he had completed a little serenade. Hildesheimer (1991, 215), noting that most of Mozart's serenades were written on commission, suggests that this serenade, too, was a commission, whose origin and first performance were not committed to record. The serenade was completed in Vienna on 10 August 1787, around the time Mozart was working on the second act of his opera Don Giovanni.
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